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OZONE VS. UV
CES uses
ozone in a special device which allows us
to oxidize complex chemicals ordinary ozone
won't
react
with. Unlike UV (Ultra-violet Light) ozone will work in cloudy,
dark, oily or colored water. This fact
is
a technical
revelation to those who preach the greatness of UV disinfection. The
treated water must be
transparent
for UV to work and then it can only penetrate a few
centimeters.
WHAT IS OZONE ?
Ozone
(O3) or trioxygen is a molecule composed of
three (3) oxygen atoms, temporarily existing in a very
unstable and
reactive state. Ozone is so reactive that a suitable container for storage probably does not
exist.
Unlike the O2 molecule described in the next paragraph, this triatomic oxygen
defies man’s attempts
to
store or liquefy it. Compared to O2, O3 is an extremely active molecule, probably
by a factor of 1,000
times and is
sometimes referred to as activated oxygen. Oxygen (O2) is normally thought of as the fraction
of air which
is utilized in breathing. It is very necessary and has many common and
obvious uses. This
regular
oxygen or dioxygen is a
relatively stable molecule, composed of two (2) oxygen atoms
held
together
with a fairly firm double bond. This diatomic oxygen is stable
enough to compress,
liquefy
and store,
yet it is still quite reactive. Ozone can be visualized as a regular
O2
molecule with a
very
nervous,
active, reactive, excitable,
energetic, corrosive and lively O1 atom as a side kick. This
monatomic
O1 atom does not like to be alone, and near
the earth's surface, it refuses to stay with the fairly stable
O2 double bond. It is active and reactive,
with energy needing to be channeled in some useful direction.
It will
combine with virtually anything on contact, or at least will try. This active
O1
will not stabilize until it
can break
away from the O2 and form a stable molecule with something
else, virtually any other molecule
that is
available. If no other
molecule is available, it will eventually unite with another
O1
atom in the
same
situation, and restabilize as O2.
Ozone is a very strong disinfectant and
oxidizer. Any pathogen or
contaminant that can be
disinfected,
altered or
removed via an oxidation process will be affected by ozone. It is the strongest of all
molecules
available
for disinfection in water treatment, and is second only to elemental fluorine in oxidizing
power.
Compared to
chlorine, the most common
water disinfection chemical,
ozone is a more than 50% stronger
oxidizer
and acts over 3,200 times
faster. Both chlorine and
fluorine are highly toxic chemicals. On this
planet,
ozone is a major work horse. From the highest reaches of the atmosphere to the bottom of
the
deepest
ocean, ozone is a very efficient protector, provider and recycler. It constantly
tries to get rid of
one oxygen
atom, O3
O2+O1, which allows it to react with almost anything it encounters.
When this
single
oxygen atom
(O1) forms a tight bond with twin hydrogen atoms, we have water (H2O), without which this
planet would
be as barren as the moon. Without water, life as we know it can not
exist.
If earth had
no Ozone layer to protect it by absorbing UV light, life as we know
it would not exist. We would
require
special skin to keep us being roasted alive.
Ozone vs. Chlorine
Ozone
is recognized among the strongest, fastest, commercially-available
disinfectants and oxidants for water treatment.
In
addition, chlorine can not treat all water-borne pathogens, while
ozone can. Cryptosporidium is only one of the many
known
but unregulated pathogens that chlorine alone cannot treat (assuming
practical, safe doses are used, and
remembering
that chlorine is a poison at high doses). Further, chlorine
generates trihalomethanes (THMs), which are
disinfection
by-products known to be carcinogenic, according to the American
Journal of Public Health. THMs,
including
chloroform, occur due to a reaction with organics in the water, and
are regulated by the USEPA. It was
planned
that THMs were to be more stringently regulated; however, budget
limitations have prevented the needed
efforts
to effect a limit lower than the 100 ppb (parts per billion) USEPA
Interim (I) standard now in effect. An
approach
for
municipal water treatment, used in many large cities, and public
water supplies, is to use ozonation for pretreatment
and
a reduced amount of chlorine for post treatment. This method takes
advantage of the best of chlorine and ozone
characteristics
as reported by the Electric Power Research Institute in 1993. If
there is any unused ozone, it reverts
back
pure to oxygen. The decreased amount of chlorine used for post
treatment provides protection for miles of
distribution.
Chlorine
residual lasts for a longer time than ozone, and provides a measure
of protection for the water. This method of
using
ozone for pretreatment in a public water supply decreases the amount
of chlorine used in comparison to traditional
chlorination,
all while providing a quality product water. The decreased amount of
chlorine used results in reduced THMs
and
other disinfection byproducts that are caused by chlorination. The reduction in chlorine
also has the benefit of reducing
or
eliminating the taste and odor complaints municipalities receive.
Conventional full strength chlorination in municipalities
is
well-known for chlorine taste and odor problems.
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